Plasma dynamic synthesis of ultradispersed copper oxides

Copper oxide is necessary material for production of superconductors. The issue of obtaining high purity and nanosides CuO is actual. This article shows the results on the obtaining of nanodispersed copper oxide by plasma dynamic method in system based on coaxial magneto plasma accelerator with copper electrodes. Such analyses of ultradispersed synthesized products as X-Ray diffractometry, IR-spectroscopy and thermal analysis were carried out. According to XRD such phases as copper Cu, copper oxide (I) Cu[2]O, copper oxide (II) CuO, and copper hydroxide hydrate Cu(OH)[2]xH[2]O were identified in the product. It was found that with the gradual heating of the initial product up to 800°С the phase content changed dramatically in terms of enhancing copper oxide phase (up to 97%)

Plasma dynamic synthesis of ultradispersed copper oxides

Copper oxide is necessary material for production of superconductors. The issue of obtaining high purity and nanosides CuO is actual. This article shows the results on the obtaining of nanodispersed copper oxide by plasma dynamic method in system based on coaxial magneto plasma accelerator with copper electrodes. Such analyses of ultradispersed synthesized products as X-Ray diffractometry, IR-spectroscopy and thermal analysis were carried out. According to XRD such phases as copper Cu, copper oxide (I) Cu[2]O, copper oxide (II) CuO, and copper hydroxide hydrate Cu(OH)[2]xH[2]O were identified in the product. It was found that with the gradual heating of the initial product up to 800°С the phase content changed dramatically in terms of enhancing copper oxide phase (up to 97%)

Исследование ультрадисперсных оксидов меди, полученных плазмодинамическим методом

The synthesis of copper oxides has a great importance due to the fact these materials are widely used in superconductors manufacturing. It’s known that properties of materials in nanodispersed conditions are improved. In this article, an analysis of ultradispersed plasmodynamic synthesis product obtained using coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with copper electrodes was carried out. The obtained powder was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer Shimadzu XRD 7000 using the temperature consoles Anton Paar TTK450. Using this analysis such phases as copper Cu, copper oxide (I) Cu2O, copper oxide (II) CuO, and copper hydroxide hydrate Cu(OH)[2]•H[2]O were identified in the product. By gradually heating, the powder to the temperature of 800 °С the phase change was observed. The mass of copper oxide increased up to 96% and copper hydroxide hydrate

Исследование ультрадисперсных оксидов меди, полученных плазмодинамическим методом

The synthesis of copper oxides has a great importance due to the fact these materials are widely used in superconductors manufacturing. It’s known that properties of materials in nanodispersed conditions are improved. In this article, an analysis of ultradispersed plasmodynamic synthesis product obtained using coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with copper electrodes was carried out. The obtained powder was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer Shimadzu XRD 7000 using the temperature consoles Anton Paar TTK450. Using this analysis such phases as copper Cu, copper oxide (I) Cu2O, copper oxide (II) CuO, and copper hydroxide hydrate Cu(OH)[2]•H[2]O were identified in the product. By gradually heating, the powder to the temperature of 800 °С the phase change was observed. The mass of copper oxide increased up to 96% and copper hydroxide hydrate

Annealing studies and electrical properties of SnS-based solar cells

Thin films of SnS (tin sulphide) were thermally evaporated onto glass and CdS/ITO (cadmium sulphide/indium tin oxide) coated glass substrates and then annealed in vacuum with the aim of optimising them for use in photovoltaic solar cell device structures. The chemical and physical properties of the layers were determined using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, and transmittance versus wavelength measurements. “Superstrate configuration” devices were also made using indium tin oxide as the transparent conductive oxide, thermally evaporated cadmium sulphide as the buffer layer and evaporated copper/indium as the back contact material. Capacitance-voltage data are given for the fabricated devices. Capacitance- voltage, spectral response and I-V data are given for the fabricated devices

Oxide Film Growth on Copper in Neutral Aqueous Solutions

The copper electrode potentials measured by the open circuit potential method in strongly aerated solutions of SO4-2, Cl-, Br-, I-, CrO4-2, CO3-2, and NO2- with difference concentrations, till steady state values are attained. The copper electrode potentials of the all experiments increase from negative to more positive values indicating oxide film growth. The copper oxide film thickness attains maximum value at low and high concentrations of each aggressive and inhibitive anions respectively. The rate of oxide film thickening is determined by use the relation: E = a + b log t, where a and b are constants. The concentration of the inhibitive anions, CrO4-2, CO3-2, and NO2- that can withstand a certain concentration of the aggressive ions, , Cl-, Br-, and I-, varies due to the relation: logC inh. = A + n logC agg., where A and n are constants. The all experiments were investigated at 25oC in all electrolytes. Keywords: Copper; oxide growth; passivity; open circuit potential

SYNthesis, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT NANOSTRUCTURES

There has been a growing interest in the field of nanoscience for the last several decades including the use in optical, electrical, biological and medicinal applications. This thesis focuses on the synthesis of different nanoparticles for their potential uses in drug delivery and antimicrobial agents as well as porous alumina membranes as surface enhanced Raman scattering or SERS substrates. The synthesis of nanocomposites (NCs) composed of silica and poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) in a basic ethanol solution is presented in chapter 2. The composition of the NCs appears to be homogenous after synthesis and is greatly affected by heat and pH changes. When the NCs are heated, a core-shell nanostructure is produced with silica forming a shell around a P4VP core. At lower pHs, the NCs form a silica core with a P4VP shell while at higher pHs the silica is etched away causing the NC to decompose. A novel synthesis method of growing stable copper oxide nanoparticles with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is presented in chapter 3. Insoluble copper (I) oxide is dissolved with ammonium hydroxide and reduced using sodium borohydride to form metallic copper nanoparticles that oxidize overtime to form copper oxide nanoparticles stable in an aqueous environment. In addition to copper oxide nanoparticles, copper (I) iodide and copper (II) sulfide particles were also synthesized in the presence of PAA. In chapter 4, alumina membranes with 100nm and 200nm pores were coated with silver and used as SERS substrates to detect small molecules. The alumina membranes are coated with silver by reducing silver (I) oxide with ethanol. The thickness of the silver layer depends primarily on the length of time the substrate comes into contact with the Ag2O in solution with longer exposure times producing thicker films. Raman scattering of 10-100nM adenine concentrations were collected

Characterization of 2D Jammed Granular Memristive Copper Arrays

A novel sensor made of jammed granular memristive copper spheres was explored in an effort to develop a protection technology that could be used in non-proliferation treaty monitoring. The micro-copper spheres were annealed for various times at a constant temperature. SEM, EDS, and XPS were used to characterize the growth of the oxide coating. Electrical characterization of the device was done by confining the granular copper spheres to a two-dimensional plane using a unique test fixture capable of measuring I-V curves at the boundary of the circuit board using tungsten pillar electrodes. Electroforming of the copper spheres produced soft dielectric breakdown in the oxide layer, creating conductive filaments. It was shown that the conductivity of the filaments increased by reduction of the copper oxide using a field-driven process. Similarly, the conductivity of the filament decreased via oxidation assisted by Joule heating. The affects of mechanical force on the conductive filaments were also studied. The changes in the electrical resistance can be used as a detection and sensing mechanism for electromechanical interferences

Эволюция наноструктурированных продуктов индивидуального электрохимического окисления меди и алюминия

This paper covers the results of the composition and structure evolution of nanostructured materials produced by separate electrochemical oxidation of metals (copper and aluminum). The electrolysis products after short-term and long-term aging were characterized by XRD (X‑ray diffraction) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analysis. There is the difference in aging of nanostructures of copper- and aluminum-compounds. Short-term aging results in the phase transformation of copper (I) oxide and the stability of aluminum oxyhydroxide (boehmite). Copper (I) oxide is oxidized to copper (II) oxide and copper carbonate hydroxide. At long-term aging the oxidation of copper (I) oxide does not completed because the Pilling–Bedworth ratio for copper (II) oxide, copper carbonate hydroxide is greater than one. The structure of all copper-containing compounds (copper (I) oxide, copper (II) oxide, copper carbonate hydroxide) is changed. It results in the increases of both the interplanar spacing and the temperature of the phase transformations. Coherent scattering region (CSR) of boehmite and copper (I) oxide are 3–4 nm and 20–30 nm, respectively, and does not change at short-term and long-term agingВ работе представлены результаты исследования эволюции состава и структуры наноструктурированных материалов, полученных при раздельном электрохимическом окислении металлов (медь и алюминий). Продукты электролиза после кратковременного и длительного старения охарактеризованы методами РФА (рентгенофазовый анализ) и ДСК (дифференциальная сканирующая калориметрия). Установлено различие в старении наноструктур соединений меди и алюминия. Кратковременное старение приводит к фазовому превращению оксида меди (I) и стабильности оксигидроксида алюминия (бемита). Оксид меди (I) окисляется до оксида меди (II) и основного карбоната меди. При длительном старении оксида меди (I) окисление происходит не полностью, так как отношения Пиллинга-Бедворта для оксида меди (II) и гидроксида карбоната меди больше единицы. Структура всех медьсодержащих соединений (оксид меди (I), оксид меди (II), гидроксид карбоната меди) изменяется. Это приводит к увеличению как межплоскостных расстояний, так и температуры фазовых превращений. Область когерентного рассеяния (ОКР) бемита и оксида меди (I) составляет 3–4 нм и 20–30 нм, соответственно, и не изменяется при кратковременном и длительном старени